1.Introduction
In computer science, a data structure is a particular way of organizing data in a computer so that it can be used efficiently. Different kinds of data structures are suited to different kinds of applications, and some are highly specialized to specific tasks.
Data structures provide a means to manage large amountsof data efficiently, such as large databasesand internet indexing services. Usually, efficient data structures are a key in designing efficient algorithms. Some formal design methods and programming languagesemphasize data structures, rather than algorithms, as the key organizing factor in software design. Storing and retrieving can be carried out on data stored in both main memory and in secondary memory.
Data structures are generally based on the ability of a computer to fetch and store data at any place in its memory, specified by a pointer-a bit string, representing a memory address that can be itself stored in memory and manipulated by the program. Thus, the array and record data structures are based on computing the addresses of data items with arithmetic operations; while the linked data structures are based on storing addresses of data items within the structure itself. Many data structures use both principles, sometimes combined in non-trivial ways (as in XOR linking).
The implementation of a data structure usually requires writing a set of procedures that create and manipulate instances of that structure. The efficiency of a data structure cannot be analysed separately from those operations. This observation motivates the theoretical concept of an abstract data type, a data structure that is defined indirectly by the operations that may be performed on it, and the mathematical properties of those operations (including their space and time cost).
2.Project Description
The appropriate data structure used for this project is hashing.
In computing, a hash table (also hash map ) is a data structure used to implement an associative array, a structure that can map keys to values. A hash table uses a hash function to compute an index into an array of buckets or slots, from which the correct value can be found[3].
A telephone directory, also known as a telephone book, telephone address book, Phone book or the white/yellow pages, is a listing of telephone subscribers in a geographical area or subscribers to services provided by the organisation that publishes the directory. Its purpose is to allow the telephone number of a subscriber identified by name and address to be found.
2.1 Creating Hash Table To Store Data Basing Name As Key
To Create Hash table to store the data of names, telephone numbers based on name as a key.
In this module we will insert the data. We will insert the name of the person and the phone number related to that person. We create a hash table to store the data. We use insert function and in that function we will call the hash function. We declare the hash table also.
2.2 Creating Hash Table To Store Data Basing Number As Key
To Create Hash table to store the data of names, telephone numbers based on telephone number as a key.
In this module we will write the logic to find the phone number when name was asked. It means when we give the name to be searched it has to search the name and display both the name and the phone number related to that person.
2.3 Searching, Displaying And Deleting Basing On Name
To search the hash table based on query for name. In this module we will the logic to find the name when the phone number related to that person was given. When we give a phone number to search it has to search for that phone number and display both the phone number and name.
Ex: the following are the entries of telephone directory.
Sai kiran 912399482
Satish 949278583
Sarath 0920542939
Surendar 9349294845
If the user queries for sai* then it should display sai kiran records.
2.4 Searching, Displaying And Deleting Basing On Phone Number
To search ,delete and to display the hash table based on query for phone number.
Ex:for the above given data if the user queries for 949278583* then it should display name satish.
3.Algorithm
1. Create a Hashtable and its node consisting of Telephone number and name.
2. Hash Function is: int hf(char *s)
{
int i,sum=0;
for(i=0;s[i]!='\0';i++)
sum=sum+s[i]*(i+1);
return (sum*1/2)%tablesize; or return(sum*1/4)%tablesize
}
3.Insert values into hashtable by this hash function.
4.Search the names by using numbers and numbers using names.
4.Source Code
#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<conio.h>
#define tablesize 502
#define tablesize1 503
struct hash *hashtable=NULL;
struct hash *hashtable1=NULL;
struct node
{
char name[50];
char telnum[15];
struct node *next;
};
struct hash
{
struct node *head;
int pcount;
};
struct node *createnode(char *name, char *telnum)
{
struct node *newnode;
newnode=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
strcpy(newnode->telnum,telnum);
strcpy(newnode->name,name);
newnode->next=NULL;
return newnode;
}
int hf(char *s)
{
int i,sum=0;
for(i=0;s[i]!='\0';i++)
sum=sum+s[i]*(i+1);
return (sum*1/2)%tablesize;
}
int hf1(char *t)
{
int i,sum=0;
for(i=0;t[i]!='\0';i++)
sum=sum+t[i]*(i+2);
return (sum*1/4)%tablesize1;
}
void insert(char *name, char *telnum)
{
int hashindex=hf(name);
struct node *newnode=createnode(name,telnum);
if(!hashtable[hashindex].head)
{
hashtable[hashindex].head=newnode;
return;
}
newnode->next=(hashtable[hashindex].head);
hashtable[hashindex].head=newnode;
return;
}
void insert1(char *name, char *telnum)
{
int hashindex1=hf1(telnum);
struct node *newnode=createnode(name,telnum);
if(!hashtable1[hashindex1].head)
{
hashtable1[hashindex1].head=newnode;
return;
}
newnode->next=(hashtable1[hashindex1].head);
hashtable1[hashindex1].head=newnode;
return;
}
void searchinhash(char *name)
{
int hashindex=hf(name);
struct node *mynode=NULL;
mynode=hashtable[hashindex].head;
if(mynode==NULL)
{
printf("%s",mynode->name);
printf("not found");
getch();
return;
}
while(strcmp(mynode->name,name)!=0)
{
mynode=mynode->next;
if(mynode==NULL)
break;
}
if(mynode!=NULL)
{
printf("name:%s\n",mynode->name);
printf("num:%s",mynode->telnum);
}
else
{
printf("not found");
}
getch();
}
void searchinhash1(char *telnum)
{
int hashindex1=hf1(telnum);
struct node *mynode=NULL;
mynode=hashtable1[hashindex1].head;
if(mynode==NULL)
{
printf("%s",mynode->telnum);
printf("not found");
getch();
return;
}
while(strcmp(mynode->telnum,telnum)!=0)
{
mynode=mynode->next;
if(mynode==NULL)
break;
}
if(mynode!=NULL)
{
printf("name:%s\n",mynode->name);
printf("num:%s",mynode->telnum);
}
else
{
printf("not found");
}
getch();
}
void display(hashtable H)
{
position p;
list l;
int i; int j=0;
for(i=0;i<H->tablesize;i++)
{
l=H->lists[i];
p=l->nextnode;
while(p!=NULL)
{
printf("\n The name and telnum at[%d][%d] is:\t%s \t%s",i,j,p->name,p->telnum);
p=p->nextnode;
j++;
}
}
}
void main()
{
int ch,ch1,ch2;
char name[30],tel[30],search[30],search1[15];
clrscr();
while(1)
{
printf(" TELEPHONE DIRECTORY");
printf("\n____________________");
printf(" \n1. name search \n 2.number search \n 3.back up the file \n 4.display \n 5. exit \n ");
printf(" enter ur choice");
scanf("%d",&ch);
if(ch==1)
{
printf("\n 1.add \n 2.search by name \n 3.exit");
printf(" \n enter ur choice");
scanf("%d",&ch1);
switch(ch1)
{
case 1: printf("enter name");
scanf("%s",name);
printf("enter telephone number");
scanf("%s",tel);
insert(name,tel);
break;
case 2:
printf("enter name to search");
scanf("%s",search);
searchinhash(search);
break;
case 3:exit(0);
}
}
if(ch==2)
{
printf("\n 1.add \n 2.search by ph num \n 3.exit");
printf("enter ur choice ");
scanf("%d",&ch2);
switch(ch2)
{
case 1: printf("enter name");
scanf("%s",name);
printf("enter telephone number");
scanf("%s",tel);
insert1(name,tel);
break;
case 2:
printf("enter telephone num to search");
scanf("%s",search1);
searchinhash1(search1);
break;
case 3:Take_The_Backup_of_Hashtable(H);
printf("\n The Backup was sucussesfull");
break;
case 4:display(H); break;
case 5:exit(0);
}
}
if(ch==5)
exit(0);
}
========== Hacking Don't Need Agreements ==========
Just Remember One Thing You Don't Need To Seek Anyone's To Hack Anything Or Anyone As Long As It Is Ethical, This Is The Main Principle Of Hacking Dream
Thank You for Reading My Post, I Hope It Will Be Useful For You
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