1.Project Description:
1.1Reversal of singly linked list:
Implementation of Reversal of a Singly Linked list of student marks
1.Linked list is a data structure consisting of nodes which together represents a sequence
2.Each node in the sequence consists of a data and the link to the next node in the sequence
3.This structure allows for efficient insertion or removal of the elements from any position in the sequence.
IN THIS MODULE :
Implementation of Reversal of a Singly Linked list of student marks
1)To store the marks of the student of any number of subjects using dynamic allocation i.e. Linked lists and to display the marks of the student.
2)To Reversal the Student marks and display the marks of the student
1.2 Stack ADT using singly linked list:
1. The Principle of Stack is Last-in First-out.
2. Using this principle we use to store the names of the Students using Dynamic memory allocation i.e. Linked List..
3. The name of the student we enter at the last stage will be displayed first and the process continuestill the end of the stack.
To Implement Stack ADT using singly linked list, for student names. These are the following steps.
1. Prepare a list of student names .
2. Prepare a routine for inserting any one student’s name into the list
3. Construct a linked list of strings using the insert routine
4. Implement the Push() and Pop() routines
5. Test the above coded routines for stack
6. First we need to have required student names on piece of paper and then we have to enter the student names into the stack. If stack is full we have to make it empty and then insert . Suppose if we entered wrong name, we have to delete from stack and reinsert into stack. Later we have to display the names and also the top most name in stack. In stack push means insert and pop means to delete.The output can be obtained as above figure(1.2).
1.3 Reversal of contents of stack:
1)To store the address of the student using stack and print them.
2)To Reversal the address of the student and print theM.
Generally if we use Linked Lists , we give the Input as :
implementation of ‘Reversal of contents of a stack’, for student addresses can be obtained by performing the below steps.
1. Prepare a list of student addresses
2. Prepare a routine for inserting “student address” into the stack (array-based)
3. Construct a stack of addresses by using Push() operation
4. Prepare an algorithm for reversal of stack contents
5. Write the code implementing the algorithm
6. Test the above code, by giving various addresses
1.4Towers of Hanoi problem:
1.It is a mathematical game or puzzle.
2.It consists of 3 rods and the number of discs of different sizes which can slide onto the any rod.
3.The Objective is to transfer the entire tower to one of the other pegs. However you can only move one disk at a time and you can never stack a larger disk onto a smaller disk. Try to solve it in fewest possible moves.
Implementation of Towers of Hanoi problem can be performed by the following ways:
1.An Iterative Solution.
2.A Recursive Solution.
2.ALGORITHMS FOR THE GIVEN MODULES:
2.1 Reversal of singly linked list:
Struct student
{
Int marks;
Struct student *next;
}
void main()
{
struct student *p;
p=NULL;
p=create(p);
insend(p);
reverse(p);
}
2.2 Implementation of the Stack ADT using Single Linked List to Store the Names of the Students:
Struct stack
{
Char name[20];
Struct stack *next;
}
void main()
{
struct stack *p;
p=NULL;
p=create(p);
insend(p);
reverse(p);
}
2.3 Implementation Reversal of content of stack for Student Address:
Struct stack
{
Int marks;
Struct stack *next;
}
void main()
{
struct stack *p;
p=NULL;
p=create(p);
insend(p);
reverse(p);
}
2.4 TOWERS OF HANOI:
2.4.1.ITERATIVE METHOD:
int hanoi(int n,char a, char b, char c)
{
while(n!=0)
{
hanoi(n-1,a,c,b);
printf("Moving disk %d from %c tower to %c tower\n",n,a,c);
hanoi(n-1,b,a,c);
break;
}
return 0;
}
2.4.2RECURSIVE METHOD:
void towers(int num, char frompeg, char topeg, char auxpeg)
{
if (num == 1)
{
printf("\n Move disk 1 from peg %c to peg %c", frompeg, topeg);
return;
}
towers(num - 1, frompeg, auxpeg, topeg);
printf("\n Move disk %d from peg %c to peg %c", num, frompeg, topeg);
towers(num - 1, auxpeg, topeg, frompeg);
}
3.CODE FOR MODULES:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
int hanoi(int,char,char,char);
/* ******* MODULE 1******* */
struct std
{
int n;
struct std *next;
}*curr,*last,*temp;
struct std *create(struct std *x)
{
if(x==NULL)
{
x=(struct std*)malloc(sizeof(struct std));
printf("\nEnter the First Subject Marks");
scanf("%d",&x->n);
x->next=NULL;
return x;
}
else
{
printf("\n The Node Already Created\n");
return x;
}
}
void display(struct std *x)
{
curr=x;
while(curr!=NULL)
{
printf("\n%d-->",curr->n);
curr=curr->next;
}
}
void insend(struct std *x)
{
curr=x;
while(curr->next!=NULL)
{
curr=curr->next;
}
temp=(struct std *)malloc(sizeof(struct std));
printf("\nEnter the Subject Marks:");
scanf("%d",&temp->n);
temp->next=NULL;
curr->next=temp;
}
void reverse(struct std *x)
{
curr=x;
while(curr->next!=NULL)
{
curr=curr->next;
}
printf("\n%d-->",curr->n);
last=curr;
do
{
curr=x;
while(curr->next!=last)
{
curr=curr->next;
}
last=curr;
printf("\n%d-->",curr->n);
}while(last!=x);
}
/* ******** MODULE 2 ********* */
struct node
{
char strele[30];
struct node *next;
}*t,*p;
struct node *top = NULL;
void push(char *strp)
{
t = (struct node*)malloc(sizeof(struct node));
t->next=NULL;
strcpy(t->strele,strp);
if(top==NULL)
{
top = t;
}
else
{
t->next = top;
top = t;
}
}
char *pop()
{
if(top==NULL)
{
printf("\n************WARNING STACK IS EMPTY**********");
return NULL;
}
else
{
t = top;
top = top->next;
return t->strele;
}
}
void display2()
{
t = top;
while(t!=NULL)
{
printf("\n%s",t->strele);
t=t->next;
}
}
/* ******** MODULE 3 ******** */
struct Node
{
char strele[30];
struct Node *next;
struct Node *pre;
}*w,*e;
struct Node *top1 = NULL;
void push1(char *strp)
{
w = (struct Node*)malloc(sizeof(struct Node));
w->next=NULL;
w->pre = NULL;
strcpy(w->strele,strp);
if(top1==NULL)
{
top1 = w;
}
else
{
top1->pre = w;
w->next = top1;
top1 = w;
}
}
char *pop1()
{
if(top1==NULL)
{
printf("\n************WARNING STACK IS EMPTY**********");
return NULL;
}
else
{
w = top1;
top1 = top1->next;
top1->pre = NULL;
return w->strele;
}
}
void display3()
{
w = top1;
while(w!=NULL)
{
printf("\n%s",w->strele);
w=w->next;
}
}
void rdisplay3()
{
w = top1;
while(w->next!=NULL)
w=w->next;
while(w!=NULL)
{
printf("\n%s",w->strele);
w = w->pre;
}
}
/* ********* TOWERS OF HANOI ********* */
/* ******** ITERATIVE METHOD ********* */
int hanoi(int n,char a, char b, char c)
{
while(n!=0)
{
hanoi(n-1,a,c,b);
printf("Moving disk %d from %c tower to %c tower\n",n,a,c);
hanoi(n-1,b,a,c);
break;
}
return 0;
}
/* ********* RECURSIVE METHOD ********* */
void towers(int num, char frompeg, char topeg, char auxpeg)
{
if (num == 1)
{
printf("\n Move disk 1 from peg %c to peg %c", frompeg, topeg);
return;
}
towers(num - 1, frompeg, auxpeg, topeg);
printf("\n Move disk %d from peg %c to peg %c", num, frompeg, topeg);
towers(num - 1, auxpeg, topeg, frompeg);
}
void main()
{
int m,opt,i,n,ch,num;
char str[30];
struct std *s;
s=NULL;
clrscr();
do
{
printf("\n********************MENU*****************\n");
printf("\nEnter one of the Following Options:\n");
printf("\n1.Reversal Of Student Marks\n2.Displaying the Student Names using Stack\n3.Display of Reversal of Stack Content containing Student Address\n4.Towers of Hanoi\n5.Exit\n");
scanf("%d",&ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1:
s=create(s);
do
{
printf("\n************** REVERSAL OF STUDENT MARKS ************** \n");
printf("\nEnter one of the Following Options");
printf("\n1.Insert\n2.Display\n3.Reverse of a Linked
List\n4.Exit\n");
scanf("%d",&opt);
switch(opt)
{
case 1:
insend(s);
break;
case 2:
display(s);
break;
case 3:
reverse(s);
break;
case 4:
break;
default:
printf("\nWrong Option ENtered");
}
}while(opt!=4);
break;
case 2:
do
{
printf("\n***************** DISPLAYING THE STUDENT NAMES
USING STACK ************** \n");
printf("\n1.To Enter the Student Details\n2.To delete a Detail\n3.Display
the Student Details\n4.exit\n");
scanf("%d",&opt);
switch(opt)
{
case 1:
printf("\nenter Number of Students Details to be Taken:");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\nenter %dth student Name to push into stack\n",i);
scanf("%s",str);
push(str);
}
break;
case 2:
printf("\n%s is deleted",pop(top));
printf("\nThe Contents of Stack:\n");
display2();
break;
case 3:
printf("\n Contents of stack:\n");
display2();
break;
case 4:
break;
default:
printf("\nWrong Option Entered\n");
}
}while(opt!=4);
break;
case 3:
printf("\nenter n value");
scanf("%d",&n);
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
printf("\nenter %dth string to push into stack\n",i);
scanf("%s",str);
push1(str);
}
printf("\n content of stack top to bottom\n");
display3();
printf("\n\ncontent of stack from bottom to top");
rdisplay3();
break;
case 4:
do
{
printf("\n ************* TOWERS OF HANOI
*************\n");
printf("\1.Enter one of the Following Options:\n");
printf("\n1.Iterative Method\n2.Recursive Method\n3.Exit\n");
scanf("%d",&opt);
switch(opt)
{
case 1:
printf("Enter the no of disk:");
scanf("%d",&n);
hanoi(n,'a','b','c');
break;
case 2:
printf("Enter the number of disks : ");
scanf("%d", &num);
printf("The sequence of moves involved in the Tower of Hanoi
are :\n");
towers(num, 'A', 'C', 'B');
break;
case 3:
break;
default:
printf("\nWrong Option Entered\n");
}
}while(opt!=3);
break;
case 5:
exit(0);
default: printf("\Wrong Option Entered\n");
}
}while(ch!=5);
}
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